Many countries use automated decision-making (ADM) systems, often based on artificial intelligence (AI), to manage migration at their borders. This research project explores two questions. What are the main ways that automated decision-making is used at EU borders? Does such automated decision-making bring risks related to human rights, and if so: which risks? We summarise a taxonomy of four types of ADM systems before the arrival and at the EU borders: (1) automated risk assessment, (2) biometric systems and e-gates for identification and verification, (3) border surveillance, and (4) polygraphs and emotion detectors. We discuss three categories of risks of such automated decision-making, namely risks related to human rights to (1) privacy and data protection, (2) non-discrimination, and (3) a fair trial and effective remedies. This study aims to enhance public understanding of the rapid development of ADM systems and to reflect on their associated human rights implications in international migration management at European borders.

Yiran Yang will present, followed by a discussion led by dr. Paul Trautmansdorff (Technical University Munich)